As of 2025, over 960,000 Ukrainians live in Poland under temporary protection, the largest number among all European Union countries. For most, Poland has already become not only a refuge but also a place for permanent residence, work, or study.
Currently, Ukrainians are governed by two legal frameworks: (the EuropeanTemporary Protection Directive) and the Polish “special law” (Ustawa o pomocy obywatelom Ukrainy).
The first regulates the general conditions for Ukrainians in the EU, while the second provides additional benefits in Poland: the right to work without a permit, access to healthcare, education, and social assistance.
What will happen after March 4, 2026
The temporary protection provided by Directive 2001/55/EC has been extended several times. By decision of the EU Council, it will currently remain in effect until 2027. However, Poland’s own “special law” is only valid until March 4, 2026.
This means that the government may decide separately on the issue of the Ukrainians’ further stay. In August 2025, the President of Poland vetoed a law intended to extend the special regime, citing the need to update the support system.
Among new initiatives is the potential introduction of the CUKR Card (Card of Ukrainian Temporary Resident), which will replace PESEL UKR and provide stable residence rights. However, it is not yet in effect.
We’ve gathered everything that matters in one guide: jurisdictions, taxes, payment systems, and the most common mistakes entrepreneurs face when entering new markets.
What risks arise after the Temporary Protection ends?
If the Polish government does not decide to extend the special law, Ukrainians who do not apply for another status after March 4, 2026, may lose their legal right to stay.
This will automatically remove access to employment, social support, and healthcare. Overstaying can result in fines or deportation.
To avoid these risks, it is advisable to apply in advance for a residence card, a national D visa, or to confirm business activity (JDG / Spółka z o.o.).
Options for legalization in Poland after 2026
The most common route is the residence card.It allows living in Poland for 1 to 3 years and can be extended if the grounds remain valid. Main categories include work, study, family, or business.
For those officially employed, legalization is possible based on an employment contract (umowa o pracę / umowa zlecenie). A valid contract, proof of income, and certificates from ZUS are required.
Individuals studying at Polish universities can apply for a residence card for the duration of their studies. This allows official work up to 20 hours per week.
Required documents include a university certificate, proof of funds, and insurance.
Family members of Ukrainians who already hold a residence card or Polish citizenship can apply for a family reunification permit. Marriage to a Polish citizen opens the path to permanent residence and eventually citizenship.
Legalization is also possible through volunteer or humanitarian programs, the Pole’s Card, or a D-type visa for specialists and seasonal workers.
An alternative for Ukrainians is to start their own business. Entrepreneurs can open a JDG or register a Spółka z o.o.Both forms allow applying for a residence card. JDG is ideal for freelancers, IT specialists, and consultants, while Spółka suits partnership or larger-scale businesses.
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Legalization through business: JDG and Spółka z o.o.
For entrepreneurs, business is the most reliable basis for residence after 2026:
- JDG (Jednoosobowa Działalność Gospodarcza) — quick to register, does not require a work permit, and after a few months of activity allows applying for a residence card.
- Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością (Sp. z o.o.) — suitable for teams, partnerships, or scalable businesses.
Criterion | JDG | Spółka z o.o. |
Form | Individual activity | A legal entity |
Liability | Personal | Limited to capital |
Taxation | Simple, ryczałt / linear | Corporate, more complex |
Setup | 1 day (CEIDG) | 2–5 days (KRS) |
Primary purpose | Freelance, consulting | Business, partnership |
Basis for Residence Card | Yes | Yes (director/owner) |
WoBorders Tip: If you plan to stay in Poland long-term, consider JDG or Spółka now; they provide a real, stable foundation for your legalization.
What you should do today
- Check the validity of your status through the Urząd do Spraw Cudzoziemców.
- Determine your basis for residence: work, study, business, or family.
- Open a JDG or Spółka before 4.03.2026 to have proof of activity.
- Keep all documents: contracts, invoices, certificates from ZUS, and tax authorities.
We assist Ukrainians in transitioning from temporary protection status to a stable legal residence in Poland. Stay in Poland legally and stress-free — we make the process official, fast, and risk-free:
- Turnkey registration of JDG or Spółka (PKD, CEIDG/KRS, ZUS, bank account)
- Preparation of the document package for the residence card
- Local Polish-Ukrainian accounting services
- Tax optimization consultations for residents and non-residents
- Full support in KYC, AML, and banking integrations
Book a free consultation today.
Frequently asked questions about the legalization of Ukrainians in Poland after 2026
Yes. If you have an official employment contract or umowa zlecenie, this is a legal basis for a residence card. The key is that your employer registers your employment and your income covers the minimum living costs in Poland.
Students and postgraduate students at Polish universities can apply for a residence permit for study purposes.
Required documents:
- Certificate of enrollment at the university
- Proof of financial means (approximately 800–1000 PLN/month)
- Health insurance policy
The card is issued for the duration of studies and allows part-time work up to 20 hours per week.
CUKR (Card of Ukrainian Temporary Resident) is a new type of residence permit that may replace PESEL UKR after 2026. It will provide more stable residence rights and access to work without a separate permit.
As of the end of 2025, the CUKR card project is still in the development stage by the Polish government.
- Check the validity of your status through the Urząd do Spraw Cudzoziemców.
- Determine your basis for residence (work, study, business, family).
- If you plan to start a business, do so before 4.03.2026.
- Keep all supporting documents: contracts, invoices, taxes, ZUS certificates.
- Submit your residence card application at least 90 days before your current status expires.
