{"id":32863,"date":"2025-10-30T11:33:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T09:33:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/?p=32863"},"modified":"2026-04-14T08:00:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T05:00:56","slug":"how-double-taxation-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/blog\/how-double-taxation-works\/","title":{"rendered":"How double taxation works"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"32863\" class=\"elementor elementor-32863\" 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data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9112734 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9112734\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c80671e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"c80671e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c80671e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c80671e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__c80671e\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4f3b6b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4f3b6b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d6b4f4\" data-id=\"8d6b4f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element-custom_font_size elementor-element-custom_font_size_tablet elementor-element-custom_font_size_mobile elementor-element-custom_font_family elementor-element-custom_color elementor-element elementor-element-3a6b64f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a6b64f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clients often ask us: \u201cCan I avoid double taxation?\u201d To answer that, we clarify what \u201cdouble taxation\u201d is, when it arises, and what you can do about it.<\/span><\/p><p>Double taxation occurs when the same income is taxed twice, either in two different jurisdictions (e.g., two countries) or within the same jurisdiction at various levels (national &amp; local).\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Broadly, there are two types of double taxation.<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><b>Domestic (within one country)<\/b><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This occurs when the same income is taxed by different taxes within one state, such as a national tax &amp; a local\/state tax. A clear example is the U.S., where corporations pay income tax at both the federal level &amp; the state level. Strictly speaking, this is not considered double taxation in law. Although the tax base (the company\u2019s income) remains the same, rates are levied by different authorities and paid into different budgets, each acting within its respective powers. The system anticipates this outcome. You generally cannot \u201cavoid\u201d paying both, though tax planning and legal structuring can mitigate the overall burden across levels.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People also sometimes refer to it as \u201cdouble taxation\u201d when profits are taxed at the company level and again when they are distributed to owners. Legally, these are different taxes paid by different taxpayers (a legal entity &amp; an individual), so it is not double taxation in the formal sense.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><b>International (between two countries)<\/b><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This occurs when a resident of one country earns income in another and both countries claim the right to tax that income.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Such cases are addressed by<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mof.gov.ua\/uk\/international_agreements_of_ukraine_on_avoidance_double_taxation-543\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><b>double tax treaties (DTTs)<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bilateral agreements often prevent the same income from being taxed twice. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f35e026 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f35e026\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d90b875 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d90b875\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9d7f96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b9d7f96\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b32d835 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b32d835\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9a490d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c9a490d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Need advice on double taxation?<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-398b36c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"398b36c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f903d38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f903d38\" 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class=\"avdbtn-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWhatsApp\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd66896 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd66896\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do double tax treaties work?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element-custom_font_size elementor-element-custom_font_size_tablet elementor-element-custom_font_size_mobile elementor-element-custom_font_family elementor-element-custom_color elementor-element elementor-element-3b1f9c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b1f9c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First, treaties set tie-breaker rules for tax residency. Second, they allocate taxing rights by income type and prescribe relief mechanisms such as tax credits or exemptions to eliminate double taxation. Treaties may also reduce withholding tax rates on specific payments.<\/span><\/p><p>Not all taxes and charges are covered. Items often outside the treaty scope include special levies, excise duties, customs duties, and indirect taxes (such as VAT\/Sales Tax).<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To apply a treaty, you may need additional documents (e.g., a certificate of tax residence) or specific forms.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ac524f elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_square_icon_box\" data-id=\"7ac524f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_square_icon_box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Icon Box -->\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-css' href='https:\/\/woborders.agency\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-all.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https:\/\/woborders.agency\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-v4-shims.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\n<style>\/* widget: Icon Box *\/\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f * { \n\tbox-sizing: border-box; \n}\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f{\n  font-family: inherit;\n  position:relative;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f svg{\n  width:1em;\n  height:1em;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f .blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-icon{\n\tposition:relative;\n    display:flex;\n    justify-content:center;\n    align-items:center;\n    transform:rotate(0deg);\n    z-index:2;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f .ue-icon {\n  display:inline-block;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f .blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-icon > div{\n\tposition:relative;\n    display:flex;\n    justify-content:center;\n    align-items:center;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f .ue-icon-inner{\n    line-height:1em;\n\t} \t\n\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f .ue-icon-inner svg{\n    height:1em;\n    width:1em;\n\t} \t\n\t\n.blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-heading{\n\tfont-size:21px;\n\t}\n\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f:hover\n{\n  position:relative;\n  z-index:1;\n}\n\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f .ue-title-separator span\n{\n  display:inline-block;\n}\n\n\n\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"square_icon_box\" id=\"uc_square_icon_box_elementor_7ac524f\">\n  \n         \n                <h3  class=\"blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-heading\">Example of treaty application<\/h3>\n         \n  \t\t          <div class=\"ue-title-separator\">\n            <span><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          \n  \n                  <div class=\"blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-content\">\n            <p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/business-services\/business-setup-in-europe\/setup-in-poland\/\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>A Romanian tax resident owns a Polish company<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and receives dividends. Both Poland &amp; Romania tax dividends.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thanks to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/2755-17#Text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Convention between the Government of Romania and the Government of the Republic of Poland for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #ffffff;\">The Romanian resident may, under Article 10, pay only 15% in Poland. In Romania, those dividends are not taxed again (they are only reported). Additionally, a health contribution may be applicable under Romanian law, depending on the overall income.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Without a treaty, the shareholder could be liable for 19% PIT in Poland and an additional 10% in Romania.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          \n  \t\t        \n          \n  \t\t\n  \t\t  \n<\/div>\n<!-- end Icon Box -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df629d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"df629d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Double taxation of income for sole proprietors<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element-custom_font_size elementor-element-custom_font_size_tablet elementor-element-custom_font_size_mobile elementor-element-custom_font_family elementor-element-custom_color elementor-element elementor-element-dcab257 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcab257\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>However, tax treaties do not always help avoid double taxation. Let\u2019s look at two examples.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a8aa9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_square_icon_box\" data-id=\"8a8aa9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_square_icon_box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Icon Box -->\n\n<style>\/* widget: Icon Box *\/\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b * { \n\tbox-sizing: border-box; \n}\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b{\n  font-family: inherit;\n  position:relative;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b svg{\n  width:1em;\n  height:1em;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b .blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-icon{\n\tposition:relative;\n    display:flex;\n    justify-content:center;\n    align-items:center;\n    transform:rotate(0deg);\n    z-index:2;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b .ue-icon {\n  display:inline-block;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b .blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-icon > div{\n\tposition:relative;\n    display:flex;\n    justify-content:center;\n    align-items:center;\n}\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b .ue-icon-inner{\n    line-height:1em;\n\t} \t\n\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b .ue-icon-inner svg{\n    height:1em;\n    width:1em;\n\t} \t\n\t\n.blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-heading{\n\tfont-size:21px;\n\t}\n\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b:hover\n{\n  position:relative;\n  z-index:1;\n}\n\n\n#uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b .ue-title-separator span\n{\n  display:inline-block;\n}\n\n\n\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"square_icon_box\" id=\"uc_square_icon_box_elementor_8a8aa9b\">\n  \n         \n                <div  class=\"blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-heading\"><\/div>\n         \n  \t\t  \n  \n                  <div class=\"blox-boxed-small-square-icon-box-content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A common situation: Ukrainian residents who have moved permanently to European countries continue to work as Ukrainian sole proprietors (FOP). The problem is that FOP status is available only to Ukrainian residents; at the same time, if an individual has a permanent place of residence in another country, they may be considered its tax resident. This leads to the obligation to pay taxes as a sole proprietor in Ukraine and personal income tax in another country \u2014 effectively double taxation.<\/span><\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          \n  \t\t        \n          \n  \t\t\n  \t\t  \n<\/div>\n<!-- end Icon Box -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element-custom_font_size elementor-element-custom_font_size_tablet elementor-element-custom_font_size_mobile elementor-element-custom_font_family elementor-element-custom_color elementor-element elementor-element-a20be67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a20be67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Why doesn\u2019t the treaty help in such cases?<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, living in another country for more than 183 days does not always determine tax residency. In practice, there are cases where a Ukrainian FOP remains a tax resident of Ukraine only, even while living abroad for most of the year. This allowed income to be taxed solely under the Ukrainian single tax. To understand your specific obligations,<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, living in another country for more than 183 days does not always determine tax residency. In practice, there are cases where a Ukrainian FOP remains a tax resident of Ukraine only, even while living abroad for most of the year. This allowed income to be taxed solely under the Ukrainian single tax. To understand your specific obligations, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/business-services\/tax-and-legal-advice\/\"><b>we recommend consulting our team<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In some instances, it is possible to prove that the Ukrainian single tax is an \u201cequivalent of income tax,\u201d but this depends on the wording of the specific treaty and the position of the tax authority; such cases are sporadic.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7cce3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc7cce3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Double taxation of income for U.S. LLC owners<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element-custom_font_size elementor-element-custom_font_size_tablet elementor-element-custom_font_size_mobile elementor-element-custom_font_family elementor-element-custom_color elementor-element elementor-element-cec7dbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cec7dbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another typical example involves owners of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/business-services\/business-setup-in-north-america\/setup-in-the-us\/\"><b>American LLCs<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the taxation of income received from foreign sources.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This situation is similar to the previous one. The point is that the LLC structure in the U.S. is a pass-through entity, which in many ways resembles the Ukrainian sole proprietor (FOP) system. This means the legal entity itself does not pay dividends to the owner.\nIn practice, this creates a problem: it becomes impossible to obtain an official document confirming that income tax was paid in the U.S. Without such a certificate, the Ukrainian tax authorities will not recognize the tax paid abroad. As a result, the LLC owner is required to pay income tax in Ukraine on foreign income (18%) and the military levy.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37b34cb elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_content_ticker\" data-id=\"37b34cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_content_ticker.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Content Ticker -->\n\t\t<link id='owl-carousel-css' href='https:\/\/woborders.agency\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium\/assets_libraries\/owl-carousel-new\/assets\/owl.carousel.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='uc_ac_assets_file_uc_news_ticker_css_26402-css' href='https:\/\/woborders.agency\/wp-content\/uploads\/ac_assets\/uc_content_news_tickers\/uc_news_ticker.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='uc_ac_assets_file_animate_css_77907-css' href='https:\/\/woborders.agency\/wp-content\/uploads\/ac_assets\/uc_content_news_tickers\/animate.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\n<style>\/* widget: Content Ticker *\/\n\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb.uc_news_ticker-holder .flex-container {\n\tbackground: #000000;\n  \tborder-radius: 8px;\n    border-style: solid;\n    border-width: 2px;\n    border-color: #FFFFFF;\n}\n\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb.uc_news_ticker-holder .uc_ticker-control .uc_ticker-nav a{\n  \tbackground:#555555;\n\tcolor:#ffffff;\n  \tpadding: 0px 0px;\n}\n\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb.uc_news_ticker-holder .uc_ticker-control .uc_ticker-nav a:hover{\n  \tbackground:#eeeeee;\n\tcolor:#000000;\n}\n\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb.uc_news_ticker-holder .point-arrow:after{\n\tborder-left-color: #000000;\n}\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb.uc_news_ticker-holder .uc_date{\n  \tcolor: ;\n}\n\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb .ue-item-wrapper{\n  display:flex;\n  align-items:center;\n  gap:16px;\n}\n\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb .ue_content_ticker_image{\n  flex-grow:0;\n  flex-shrink:0;\n}\n\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb .ue_content_ticker_image img{\n  display:block;\n  width:100%;\n  height:100%;\n}\n\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb .uc_ticker-box{\n  flex-grow:1;\n}\n\n#uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb .owl-carousel .animated   {\n-webkit-animation-duration: 500ms;\nanimation-duration: 500ms;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"uc_news_ticker-holder\" id=\"uc_content_ticker_elementor_37b34cb\" >\n\t<div class=\"uc_news_ticker ltr\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"uc_diagonal-news-ticker flex-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uc_ticker-heading  point-arrow\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uc_heading-content\">Recommended article<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uc_ticker-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uc_ticker-slider uc_slider uc-items-wrapper owl-carousel\"  >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ue-item-wrapper\">\n      \n    <div class=\"uc_ticker-box\">\n\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/blog\/business-taxes-in-the-us\/\" >            <p class=\"ue_content_ticker_title\">Business taxes in the U.S. in 2026<\/p>\n          <\/a>        \n        <div class=\"uc_sub-title\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n              \t\n              \t              \n              \t      \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t   \t\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- end Content Ticker -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79fe7ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79fe7ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frequently asked questions on Double Taxation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f4abc3 elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-bdt-accordion\" data-id=\"2f4abc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"bdt-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"bdt-ep-accordion-2f4abc3\" class=\"bdt-ep-accordion bdt-accordion\" data-bdt-accordion=\"{&quot;collapsible&quot;:true,&quot;multiple&quot;:false,&quot;transition&quot;:&quot;ease-in-out&quot;}\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\" \t\tdata-settings=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;bdt-ep-accordion-2f4abc3&quot;,&quot;activeHash&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;activeScrollspy&quot;:null,&quot;hashTopOffset&quot;:false,&quot;hashScrollspyTime&quot;:false,&quot;closeAllItemsOnMobile&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-item\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bdt-ep-accordion-title bdt-accordion-title bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle bdt-flex-between\" id=\"bdt-ep-accordion\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-accordion-index=\"0\" data-title=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon bdt-flex-align-right\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-closed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-opened\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span role=\"heading\" class=\"bdt-ep-title-text bdt-flex-inline bdt-flex-middle\" itemprop=\"name\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-custom-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw far fa-comments\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat is double taxation, and what types exist?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-content bdt-accordion-content\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div itemprop=\"text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s when the same income is taxed twice. There\u2019s domestic double taxation (within one country at different levels) and international double taxation (two countries claim the same income).<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-item\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bdt-ep-accordion-title bdt-accordion-title bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle bdt-flex-between\" id=\"bdt-ep-accordion\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-accordion-index=\"1\" data-title=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon bdt-flex-align-right\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-closed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-opened\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span role=\"heading\" class=\"bdt-ep-title-text bdt-flex-inline bdt-flex-middle\" itemprop=\"name\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-custom-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw far fa-comments\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHow do double tax treaties help?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-content bdt-accordion-content\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div itemprop=\"text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They determine which country taxes a given income type and allow foreign tax credit or exemption methods (and sometimes lower withholding rates) to relieve double taxation.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-item\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bdt-ep-accordion-title bdt-accordion-title bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle bdt-flex-between\" id=\"bdt-ep-accordion\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-accordion-index=\"2\" data-title=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon bdt-flex-align-right\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-closed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-opened\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span role=\"heading\" class=\"bdt-ep-title-text bdt-flex-inline bdt-flex-middle\" itemprop=\"name\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-custom-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw far fa-comments\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDo treaties cover all taxes?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-content bdt-accordion-content\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div itemprop=\"text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No. Treaties generally cover income &amp; capital gains taxes. VAT, local taxes, social contributions, and various fees may remain outside their scope. Some income, such as CFC inclusions, is taxed under domestic rules despite the presence of a treaty. If countries classify the same payment differently, the income may still be taxed twice.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-item\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bdt-ep-accordion-title bdt-accordion-title bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle bdt-flex-between\" id=\"bdt-ep-accordion\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-accordion-index=\"3\" data-title=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon bdt-flex-align-right\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-closed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-opened\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span role=\"heading\" class=\"bdt-ep-title-text bdt-flex-inline bdt-flex-middle\" itemprop=\"name\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-custom-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw far fa-comments\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCritical limits and edge cases\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-content bdt-accordion-content\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div itemprop=\"text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treaties do not always eliminate double taxation:\nTreaties typically cover income &amp; capital gains taxes, but not other types of taxes. VAT, local taxes, social contributions, and licensing\/administrative\/sectoral fees may fall outside the treaty.\n\nSome income is still taxed under domestic anti-avoidance rules, e.g., Controlled Foreign Company (CFC) rules, even if a treaty exists.\n\nCharacter mismatch: if countries classify the same payment differently (e.g., as dividends in one and another category in the other), the same income can still be taxed twice.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-item\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bdt-ep-accordion-title bdt-accordion-title bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle bdt-flex-between\" id=\"bdt-ep-accordion\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-accordion-index=\"4\" data-title=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon bdt-flex-align-right\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-closed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-opened\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span role=\"heading\" class=\"bdt-ep-title-text bdt-flex-inline bdt-flex-middle\" itemprop=\"name\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-custom-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw far fa-comments\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDo CFC rules result in double taxation?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-content bdt-accordion-content\" itemscope=\"\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div itemprop=\"text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CFC regimes tax the undistributed profits of <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/blog\/do-cfc-penalties-apply-during-martial-law\/\" style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><b>a controlled foreign company in the controlling party\u2019s country of residence.<\/b><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Treaties do not override this, but credits\/exemptions typically exist to prevent the same amount from being taxed twice.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element-custom_font_size elementor-element-custom_font_size_tablet elementor-element-custom_font_size_mobile elementor-element-custom_font_family elementor-element-custom_color elementor-element elementor-element-c03755a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c03755a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Double taxation is not a foregone conclusion, it\u2019s often a result of not knowing how the rules interact. Treaties provide tools to prevent being taxed twice, but you must apply them correctly: confirm your tax residency, identify the income type, and check the relevant treaty provisions. With the rules mapped, you can avoid unnecessary costs and plan transparently and lawfully. When in doubt, seek advice, as facts &amp; details matter.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ffabf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7ffabf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfdcaa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_next_prev_post\" data-id=\"dfdcaa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_next_prev_post.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Post Navigation -->\n\n<style>\/* widget: Post Navigation *\/\n\n#uc_next_prev_post_elementor_dfdcaa7\n{\n  display:flex;\n}\n\n#uc_next_prev_post_elementor_dfdcaa7 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article<\/div>    <\/div>\n<div class=\"ue-post-pagination-btn-icon\">\n  <i class='fas fa-chevron-right'><\/i>\n<\/div>\n<\/a>\n  \n<\/div>\n<!-- end Post Navigation -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u2013 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0456 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0456\u0447\u0456 \u0443 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f\u0445 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0443 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\u0445), \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445, \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32867,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[171],"tags":[172],"class_list":["post-32863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pro-podatky","tag-pro-podatky"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32863"}],"version-history":[{"count":45,"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40453,"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32863\/revisions\/40453"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/woborders.agency\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}